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- SECTION 3.0 INTRODUCTION TO FLIPPER
-
- These are the instructions for Flipper. Flipper is a program
- which allows blind or visually impaired persons to use an IBM or
- compatible personal computer. These instructions are not
- designed to teach you how to use application programs, but to
- enable you to use Flipper to replace looking at the video
- screen. During Flipper's design, there was extensive feedback
- from visually impaired computer users who were experienced with
- a variety of speech programs. The main desire of the users was
- that the system be responsive and fast, and many of Flipper's
- features are specifically designed to allow you to get the
- information you need with a minimum of effort and keystrokes.
- Flipper also allows you to go as fast as you like, without
- waiting for it to catch up. You never need to wait while it
- finishes saying something. When you start typing again, Flipper
- realizes that you do not need to hear more, and it immediately
- goes on to do what you ask.
-
- Flipper includes powerful searching facilities, and a full set
- of on line instructions. Many parts of Flipper are self
- documenting so you do not need a reference card while using
- Flipper. The speed and tone of Flipper's voice can be selected,
- and you can choose how punctuation is handled, whether digits
- are spoken as numbers or each digit is read separately, and
- there are many other options. Flipper will read and describe
- the IBM PC's full character set including forms characters,
- paragraph markers, foreign characters, etc., and you can turn
- any symbol on or off. Once you have set up Flipper the way you
- prefer, you can save the configuration with a simple command and
- have it automatically reloaded when you turn on the computer.
-
- After Flipper is started, it does a number of things for you
- automatically. For example, it will echo the keys that you are
- typing. It will also read off the output from programs as it
- appears on the screen. In programs which allow you to move
- around the screen with the arrow keys, Flipper will read off the
- material that you are moving over. Flipper also allows you
- to move a sentence at a time backwards or forwards by pressing
- the left or right arrow keys while holding down the alt key. It
- will also read off the characters that you are deleting using
- the backspace or delete keys. Flipper is designed to anticipate
- as much as possible the information that you need without your
- needing to stop and ask for it.
-
- Special techniques are used to make Flipper very friendly and
- automatic. For example, you can tell Flipper to watch a portion
- of the screen, and read it if it changes. It automatically
- adjusts for the speed of the computer and your software,
- and you do not need to manually adjust it. It will work with
- difficult programs like mainframe communication software (IRMA
- and similar products), spreadsheets, database programs, as well
- as the broad range of word processors and other programs that
- are available. With Flipper's features to assist you, you can
- use the vast array of programs which are available on the IBM PC
- and compatible computers. All of these features are available
- immediately, right out of the box, with no programming or macros
- necessary. The large majority of users never need to use
- macros. For those who wish, however, Flipper has a powerful
- feature (AUTOKEY MODE) which allows the writing of very
- sophisticated scripts which can control both it and the
- application program.
-
- Flipper gives you a high performance interface to the screen.
- It gives you a simple but powerful set of commands including
- single keystrokes to rapidly read selected parts of the screen,
- and a full review mode. Flipper can be fully customized, and a
- list of the desired features can be automatically saved and
- reloaded when you turn on the computer.
-
- Any output from Flipper can be stopped instantly by pressing the
- space bar while holding down the alt key. You can also read any
- preselected part of the screen with a single command. Any or
- all of Flipper's features can be turned off, if you don't
- want them.
-
-
-
- The help mode is started by pressing alt h, or just h if you are
- in the review mode. The complete command reference for Flipper
- is available in the help mode. Different sections of the
- instructions are read when each of the ten function keys are
- pressed. The function keys are the two columns of keys on the
- old style IBM keyboard on the extreme left side.
- Newer IBM keyboards have the function keys in a row above
- the number keys. Key one is the index to the topics on the
- various function keys. In addition, the other keys on the
- keyboard are echoed but not sent to the application program
- while in the help mode, so it can be used to explore the
- keyboard. For example, if you need to use the tilde key, and
- you do not know where it is, you can go into the help mode,
- press keys until you find it, and then you can leave the help
- mode and use the key that you found. Each help topic is
- organized with more basic information first and more detailed
- information later. You can just press any key when you have
- heard enough about a particular topic. To leave any part of
- Flipper, including the help mode, press alt space bar.
-
-
-
- Flipper is written for speed, coded in assembly language, and
- uses no overlays, so it can be used with an inexpensive single
- disk drive system. We think that even if you are used to
- another screen review program, you will find the higher
- performance and ease of use of Flipper will make it worth your
- time to change over, as other blind users have. A complete
- computer system using Flipper can be very inexpensive, so we
- hope that it will allow many who could not previously afford a
- verbal workstation to access this powerful new technology.
-
-
- FLIPPER'S ELECTRONIC INDEX:
-
- Included on the Flipper disc is a program called LOOK and
- and a file called INDEX. Together with the documentation files
- for Flipper, they make up a system for looking up information
- about Flipper. To start up the electronic index, give the
- command:
-
- LOOK INDEX
-
- at the dos prompt.
-
- You can then use the arrow keys, up and down to browse through
- Flipper's index. If you find a topic of interest, you can then
- press L, for look up. You will then be popped into the
- appropriate part of the instructions for Flipper. If you want,
- you can then press T to try different sections which may also be
- relevant, or the escape key to go back to the index. You can
- also look at these instructions by pressing the H key. Press
- escape to leave help. You can also use LOOK to look at other
- text files. You can not change files with look, you can only
- browse through them.
-
-
-
- ABOUT THE PROGRAMMER:
-
- Dr. John Stephen Smith is an assistant professor at the
- University of California, Berkeley, in the department of
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. The program was
- developed in association with Cynthia Lowe, and with feedback
- from several students at the university, especially Jay Yi and
- Marc Sutton. Many of Flipper's users have also contributed
- valuable ideas.
-
-